11/8/2023 0 Comments Operation enduring freedom logoThe resolution sets the US on track for the invasion of Iraq, although no evidence would be found to substantiate the Bush administration’s claims. October 10, 2002: Iraq AUMF approvedĬongress passes the 2002 Iraq AUMF after the Bush administration warns the Baghdad is developing “weapons of mass destruction”.īush signs the resolution into law on October 16. US Congress approves $38bn in spending as part of Bush’s plan to rebuild Afghanistan. US Marines survey the area from an armoured vehicle near Kandahar, Afghanistan April 17, 2002: Transitional Afghan govtĪ transitional government led by Hamid Karzai is established in Kabul. Some 1,000 American soldiers are deployed on the ground in November, rising to 10,000 the year after. In a matter of weeks, the US-led forces overthrow the Taliban, which had been in power since 1996.Īpart from air raids, the US also gives backing to the Afghan Northern Alliance, which had been fighting the Taliban, contributing paramilitary teams from the CIA and special forces. Less than a month after the September 11 attacks, US President George W Bush launches “Operation Enduring Freedom” in Afghanistan, after the Taliban refuses to hand over al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden. October 7, 2001: ‘Enduring Freedom’ launched The resolution, which was passed by Congress with only one legislator objecting, legally permits the US president, without further congressional approval, to use military action against a wide array of people or groups that “planned, authorised, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on Septemor harbored such organizations or persons”. Then-President George W Bush signs the 2001 Authorisation of Use of Military Force (AUMF). Smoke pours from the twin towers of the World Trade Center after they were hit by two hijacked airliners on September 11, 2001, in New York City September 18, 2001: AUMF approved The fourth plane crashes into a field in Pennsylvania, after passengers on board hearing of the other attacks, storm the cockpit.Ī total of 2,977 people were killed in the attacks. One plane is flown into the Pentagon, the seat of the US Department of Defense, in Virginia. Two of the planes are flown into the World Trade Center in New York City, collapsing both towers. Nineteen members of al-Qaeda, a group granted sanctuary in by Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, hijack four commercial airliners in the US. About 2,500 members of the US military and 1,144 members of allied-NATO militaries died during the fighting.īelow is a timeline of how events unfolded. The 20-year conflict left about 69,000 Afghan security forces and at least 51,000 Afghan civilians dead, according to research by Brown University. Twenty years later, the US will mark the anniversary of the attacks less than two weeks after completing a chaotic withdrawal from the now Taliban-controlled country. The Septemattacks on the United States set off a series of events that would see Washington – in just a month – begin the longest war in the country’s history.
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